Your Quick Guide to EV Charging

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Charging Basics

EVs come from the factory with a level 1 charging plug. For most, that will be insufficient. Similarly, going to a level 3 fast charger daily is likely out of the question unless one is installed at your place of work AND you have a short commute home.

Charger Level	Level 1	Level 2	Level 3
Typical Power Output	1 kW	7 kW – 19 kW	50 – 350 kW
Estimated PHEV Charge Time from Empty2	5 – 6 hours	1 – 2 hours	N/A
Estimated BEV Charge Time from Empty3	40 – 50 hours	4 – 10 hours	20 minutes – 1 hour4
Estimated Electric Range per Hour of Charging	2 – 5 miles	10 – 20 miles	180 – 240 miles
Typical Locations	Home	Home, Workplace, and Public	Public

Information sourced from transportation.gov

Home EV Charging Solutions

For most residential owners of electric vehicles, installation of a level 2 charger at home is ideal. Level 2 chargers are affordably priced and will enable a fast-overnight charge at the convenience of your home.

Level 2 charger installation

Most residential EV owners will want to have a house-installed Level 2 charger.  An outdoor wall will work, but a garage is ideal as you can tap into existing electrical lines and regulate temperature better out of the elements.  These installations require a 240v circuit similar to electric clothes dryers or similar, high-voltage appliances.

Which EVs Qualify for the Tax Credit?

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In April the Wall Street Journal reported on the new changes to the federal EV tax credit program. Prior to that point, there were 25 electric vehicle models that qualified for the federal tax credit of up to $7500. Now, only 16 models qualify for partial to full federal tax credits at the same value. Now that the Department of the Treasury stipulates that a certain percentage of battery minerals and components come from the US. and other qualifying countries, the list has narrowed; Let’s break down the available options.

The big winners are Ford, GM, Tesla, Hyundai, Kia, and Nissan.

Arranged alphabetically, not by popularity. Our analysis is that each has pros and cons. Bookmark our blog to read the weekly update.

• Audi Q4-e-tron (Base MSRP $48,900)
• Chevy Bolt
• Chevy Bolt EUV
• Fisker Ocean
• Ford F-150 Lightning
• Ford Mustang Mach-e
• Hyundai Ioniq5
• Hyundai Ioniq6
• Hyundai Kona Electric
• Kia Nero
• Kia EV6
• Nissan Ariya
• Nissan Leaf
• Polestar 2
• Rivian R1T
• Subaru Solterra
• Tesla Model 3
• Tesla Model Y
• Toyota bZ4X
• VW iD4

Use the above list to find your next car. With auto inventories on the rise at U.S. dealerships, negotiation is back and you are not forced to pay MSRP or higher anymore.

EV Limitations

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While electric vehicles (EVs) offer many advantages, they also have certain limitations to consider:

1. Limited Range: EVs generally have a limited driving range compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. Although range varies among different EV models, it can be a concern for long-distance travel, especially in areas with limited charging infrastructure. However, EV range is continually improving with advancements in battery technology.
2. Charging Infrastructure: Access to a reliable and widespread charging infrastructure is crucial for EV owners, especially for those without access to home charging. While charging networks are expanding, there can still be limitations in some regions, particularly in rural or remote areas. Charging times for EVs are longer compared to refueling with gasoline, although fast-charging options are becoming more prevalent.
3. Charging Time: Charging an EV takes longer than refueling a traditional vehicle. Level 1 charging, which uses a standard household outlet, can take several hours to fully charge an EV. Level 2 charging stations provide faster charging, but it still takes a significant amount of time compared to refueling with gasoline. Fast-charging stations can provide a quicker charge, but they are not as widespread as standard charging options.
4. Upfront Cost: Electric vehicles often have a higher upfront cost compared to conventional vehicles. This can be attributed to the cost of battery technology, which is a significant component of an EV’s price. However, the cost of EVs has been decreasing over time, and government incentives and rebates can help offset the initial purchase price.
5. Limited Model Options: While the selection of electric vehicle models has been expanding, the variety may still be more limited compared to traditional vehicles. Certain types of vehicles, such as large trucks or SUVs, may have fewer electric options available. However, this is gradually changing as more manufacturers introduce new EV models.
6. Battery Degradation and Replacement: Over time, the performance and range of EV batteries can degrade. This means that an EV’s range may decrease after several years of use. While battery degradation is a concern, most EV manufacturers provide warranties for the battery and are continually improving battery technology to enhance longevity and efficiency.
7. Environmental Impact of Battery Production: While EVs contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions during operation, the production of EV batteries has environmental implications. The mining and processing of materials for batteries, such as lithium and cobalt, can have environmental and social impacts. However, efforts are being made to improve the sustainability and responsible sourcing of battery materials.

It’s important to consider these limitations and assess how they align with your specific needs and circumstances when considering an electric vehicle. Advancements in technology, expanding charging infrastructure, and ongoing research and development are continuously addressing these limitations and making EVs more practical and accessible for a broader range of consumers.

Tesla v. Mustang: Sample Charging Costs

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The cost of charging an electric vehicle (EV) can vary based on several factors, including the specific EV model, charging location, electricity rates, and time of charging. Here are two examples to provide an estimate of charging costs for a Tesla in Florida and a Ford Mustang Mach-e in Missouri, using relevant utility rates and charging costs:

Example 1: Tesla Model 3 in Florida

• Vehicle: Tesla Model 3
• Location: Florida
• Utility Rate: Florida Power & Light (FPL) residential rate
• Charging Method: Home charging using a Level 2 charger
• Electricity Rate: $0.12 per kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Tesla Model 3 has an EPA-estimated range of 263 miles for the Long Range version. Assuming a full charge from 0 to 100% and an average efficiency of 4 miles per kWh, the calculation would be as follows:

• Total energy required for a full charge: 263 miles / 4 miles per kWh = 65.75 kWh
• Charging cost: 65.75 kWh * $0.12 per kWh = $7.89

Example 2: Ford Mustang Mach-e in Missouri

• Vehicle: Ford Mustang Mach-e
• Location: Missouri
• Utility Rate: Ameren Missouri residential rate
• Charging Method: Public fast charging station (DC Fast Charger)
• Electricity Rate: $0.30 per kilowatt-hour (kWh)

Ford Mustang Mach-e has varying battery capacities depending on the trim level, with the Extended Range version having an EPA-estimated range of 305 miles. Assuming a 10-80% charge at a fast charging station and an average efficiency of 3 miles per kWh, the calculation would be as follows:

• Total energy required for the charge: 305 miles * (80% – 10%) / 3 miles per kWh = 6.97 kWh
• Charging cost: 6.97 kWh * $0.30 per kWh = $2.09

Please note that electricity rates and charging costs can vary based on utility providers, time of use rates, and other regional factors. It is advisable to consult with the specific utility provider and check the charging costs associated with the chosen EV and charging method for accurate and up-to-date information.

UPDATED EV REBATE INFO

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This January, new federal legislation went into effect with broad changes to the EV tax rebate program.

The biggest change is that the credit has been narrowed to include only those vehicles that were assembled in North America with a specific battery type. In addition, new income limits are applied to rebate seekers. Let’s explore:

The maximum $7,500 credit is only open for motorcars that satisfy all of the subsequent provisions:

• They are constructed in North America.
• Their battery includes at least 40% essential minerals that are removed or processed in America or countries that have free-trade agreements with the U.S., or reclaimed in North America. This ratio will rise to 80% by 2027.  
• Their cost to consumers is below $80,000 for SUVs and pickups, and below $55,000 for passenger cars.
• The taxpayer’s modified adjusted gross income must be under $300,000 for married couples filing jointly, $225,000 for heads of households, or under $150,000 for other taxpayers.

The credit is decreased by $2,500 for each $1,000 that the vehicle’s price surpasses the appropriate point. For example, a car that costs $81,000 would be qualified for a credit of $5,000.

The credit is available for vehicles registered in the years 2023 through 2032.

Other provisions of the law include:

• A tax credit of up to $4,000 for EVs that are purchased used.
• A tax credit of up to $100,000 for the installation of EV charging stations for businesses.
• A notable mandate is that all newly constructed federal buildings be equipped with EV charging stations.

EV credits summarized

There are numerous tax incentives available for EVs in America at present. The largest is a federal tax credit, which is worth up to $7,500 for vehicles that qualify. The credit is phased out for taxpayers with modified incomes above certain levels.

In addition to the federal tax credit, there are a number of state and local tax incentives available for EVs. These incentives vary between states and can include, vehicle, charger installation, energy usage rebates, and special rates. Programs range from sales tax exemptions to rebate programs and state tax credits.

The following are some of the most typical tax incentives available for EVs:

• Federal tax credit: A maximum of $7,500 for qualifying vehicles.
• State tax credits: A number of states offer tax credits for electric vehicles. Also a maximum of $7,500.
• State rebates: A number of states offer rebates for electric vehicles of up to $2500.
• Sales tax exemptions: A number of states exempt electric vehicles from sales tax which can be as much as 10%.
• Local incentives: Some cities and counties offer free parking, charging, and access to HOV lanes on highways.

HOW TO INSTALL AN EV CHARGER AT HOME

Top 25 EVs!

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Here is a list of 25 of the most popular EVs in America. We have added the two most important components of price and maximum range. Check out dealer sites for detailed information.

EV	MSRP	Range
Tesla Model S Long Range	$94,990	390 miles
Lucid Air Grand Touring	$139,000	520 miles
Porsche Taycan 4S	$103,800	287 miles
Audi e-tron GT	$107,100	299 miles
Mercedes-Benz EQS 450+	$102,300	350 miles
BMW iX xDrive50	$83,200	335 miles
Rivian R1T Explore	$67,500	314 miles
GMC Hummer EV Edition 1	$112,595	329 miles
Ford F-150 Lightning Pro	$39,974	230 miles
Kia EV6 GT-Line	$47,990	310 miles
Hyundai Ioniq 5 SE	$41,700	220 miles
Nissan LEAF Plus	$38,470	226 miles
Chevrolet Bolt EUV Premier	$33,995	259 miles
Mini Cooper SE Signature	$34,900	110 miles
Mazda MX-30 Premium	$34,000	100 miles
Fiat 500e	$34,995	100 miles
Hyundai Kona Electric Ultimate	$43,650	258 miles
Kia Niro EV EX Premium	$46,100	239 miles
Volkswagen ID.4 Pro	$41,230	250 miles
Volvo XC40 Recharge R-Design	$49,990	208 miles
Polestar 2 Long Range	$45,900	270 miles

EV Road Trip Destinations Across America

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Here are 20 popular destinations in America that have an abundance of public EV fast chargers:

1. Los Angeles, California
2. San Francisco, California
3. Seattle, Washington
4. Portland, Oregon
5. Denver, Colorado
6. Phoenix, Arizona
7. Las Vegas, Nevada
8. Salt Lake City, Utah
9. Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas
10. Houston, Texas
11. Austin, Texas
12. Atlanta, Georgia
13. Miami, Florida
14. Orlando, Florida
15. Tampa, Florida
16. Washington, D.C.
17. New York City, New York
18. Boston, Massachusetts
19. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
20. Chicago, Illinois

These cities are all major population centers with a high demand for electric vehicles. They also have a good infrastructure in place to support electric vehicles, including a network of public EV fast chargers.

Here are some of the most popular public EV fast chargers in the United States:

• Tesla Superchargers: Tesla Superchargers are the most popular network of public EV fast chargers in the United States. They are available in all 50 states and can charge Tesla vehicles at speeds of up to 250 kW.
• ChargePoint: ChargePoint is the largest public EV charging network in the United States. It has over 100,000 charging stations available in all 50 states.
• Electrify America: Electrify America is a public EV charging network that is funded by Volkswagen as part of its settlement with the Environmental Protection Agency. It has over 2,500 charging stations available in 48 states.
• EVgo: EVgo is a public EV charging network that is focused on fast charging stations. It has over 800 charging stations available in 36 states.
• SemaConnect: SemaConnect is a public EV charging network that is focused on Level 2 charging stations. It has over 5,000 charging stations available in 48 states.

These are just a few of the many public EV fast chargers that are available in the United States. As the number of electric vehicles on the road continues to grow, the number of public EV fast chargers is also expected to grow.

Your Garage and an EV

Do you have chaos in your garage? If you are like many people, you are storing more items than you would like in your limited space. The great news is that if you preparing a space for an EV, you won’t need to make a lot of space or remove all your possessions.

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EV Chargers

Level 2 charger installation. Most residential EV owners will want to have a house-installed Level 2 charger.  An outdoor wall will work, but a garage is ideal as you can tap into existing electrical lines and regulate temperature better out of the elements.  These installations require a 240v circuit similar to electric clothes dryers or similar, high-voltage appliances.

Level 2 units generally charge 10-30 miles per hour and will achieve full range in about 8 hours. Installation costs are reasonable and allow the most flexibility and peace of mind for drivers.

Not sure what the difference is between level 1, 2, and 3 chargers?

Level 1 charging is the slowest and can take between 8-20 hours.

Level 2 charging is faster and typically takes 4-9 hours.

Level 3 (Fast Charger) is the fastest and recharges in 20-40 minutes.

How to Install an EV Charger

Step 1: Select your next vehicle

Step 2: Check your electrical panel for capability (get in touch with a licensed electrician) Click on the word electrician if you can’t find one.

Step 3: Have an electrician install a level 2 charger

Step 4: Charge your EV easily at home to full charge overnight!

Cool, or Hot EV Features

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The ability to remotely use features of your vehicle is an evolving reality. This week, we spotlight the available technology offered by Elon Musk’s industry-leading company. Current Tesla owners may already be bragging about their ability to do the following; remotely from the Tesla app.

• Check the current charging state of the vehicle
• Set the charging rate and level. For example, only charge to 80% battery capacity to extend battery life.
• Lock/unlock doors, and open/close the charger port and trunk.
• Start the vehicle remotely.
• Climate controls include cabin temperature using heating/cooling as well as heated seats, defrosters, and even window venting.
• Location tracking of the vehicle on a map while traveling or finding the vehicle’s location in a large, parking lot.
• Navigation to locations and autonomous driving.
• Location, current availability, and navigation to nearby fast charging locations (superchargers)

EV Newsletter

Top 3 EV Questions Answered

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Are Teslas good vehicles?

Yes, Tesla vehicles are generally considered to be very good vehicles. They have received numerous positive reviews from both automotive journalists and Tesla owners, with particular praise given to their performance, range, and advanced technology features.

One of the most notable features of Tesla vehicles is their electric powertrain, which provides instant torque and smooth acceleration. They also have long ranges on a single charge, making them ideal for long-distance travel.

In addition, Tesla vehicles come with advanced technology features such as Autopilot, a semi-autonomous driving system, and a large touchscreen display for controlling various vehicle functions.

Tesla vehicles have also received high safety ratings from organizations such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS). They have also been praised for their environmental benefits, as they produce zero emissions and can be powered by renewable energy sources.

Overall, while Tesla vehicles are not perfect and may not be the best fit for everyone, they are generally regarded as high-quality vehicles with advanced features and impressive performance.

How long does it take to recharge an EV using a “fast” charger?

The time it takes to recharge an electric vehicle (EV) using a DC fast charger depends on several factors, including the battery capacity of the vehicle, the charging speed of the charger, and the initial state of charge of the battery.

In general, DC fast chargers can charge an EV to 80% of its battery capacity in about 20 to 45 minutes, depending on the specific charger and the vehicle being charged. However, charging to 100% may take longer, as the charger may slow down the charging speed to prevent overheating of the battery.

Are EVs good for the environment?

Electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to be much better for the environment than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, as they produce zero direct emissions and are powered by electricity, which can be generated from renewable energy sources. However, the environmental benefits of EVs can vary depending on several factors.

One of the most important factors is the source of the electricity used to power the EV. If the electricity is generated from coal or other fossil fuels, then the overall environmental impact of the EV may be similar to that of a gasoline-powered vehicle, as the emissions associated with generating the electricity may offset the emissions saved from not using gasoline.

However, if the electricity is generated from renewable sources such as wind or solar power, then the environmental benefits of the EV can be significant.

Another factor to consider is the manufacturing process of the EV. The production of EVs requires the use of rare and precious metals, which can have environmental impacts.

Nevertheless, studies have shown that the overall lifecycle emissions of an EV, including the emissions associated with manufacturing, are still lower than those of a gasoline-powered vehicle.

Finally, the disposal of the battery at the end of its life can also have environmental impacts. Nevertheless, EV manufacturers are working to improve the recycling of EV batteries and develop new battery technologies that are more sustainable.

Overall, while EVs are not without their environmental impacts, they have the potential to be much better for the environment than traditional gasoline-powered vehicles, especially when powered by renewable energy sources.